Unable to properly install Resharper Ultimate 2017.1.3 for Visual Studio 2017

I'm trying to install Resharper Ultimate 2017.1.3 for my Visual Studio 2017. The installation wizard says the product was installed successfully. However when I open Visual Studio, the Resharper tab is not shown in the menu bar, nor is it anywhere to find under "Tools | Options". I'm able to find it under "Extensions and Updates" - see screenshot below.

I have tried reinstalling Resharper multiple times. Even gone into the Registry to delete all keys related to Jetbrains and Resharper, together with deleting all Jetbrain files and folder in %AppData% + %LocalAppData% - didn't change anything.

I tried following the guides found in the article ReSharper is not available in Visual Studio after installation to no avail either.

I have also tried reinstalling Visual Studio, resetting all configurations, deleting custom configs etc. Nothing helps.

After doing all this I tried downloading previous versions of R# 2017; 2017.1, 2017.1.2 - but I get the same result.

What else can I try to do, to get Resharper to work in Visual Studio 2017?